I. Economic Conflict

-large influx of immigrants

-competition for jobs

-belief in a Papal conspiracy: encourage Catholic pulpers to

immigrate to undermine Am economy

-class warfare

II. Political Conflict

-viewed as political subversives

-rising power of Catholic voters

-seperatist/non-accommodate state of some Catholic leaders, e.g.

Bishop John Hughes

III. Cultural/Religious Conflict

-undermined Protestant hegemony and position as the “semi-

official” religion

-clergy seen as self-serving/money hungry/sexual exploiters/etc